Skip to main content

18 Nov 2017-The Hindu Editorial -Vocabulary

The Moody’s upgrade underlines the need for the government to stay the reform course

Moody’s decision to upgrade India’s sovereign credit rating by a notch after a gap of almost 14 years is undoubtedly a welcome recognition of the country’s enormous economic potential. It has been driven by some of the recent structural reforms — including the implementation of a long-delayed nationwide goods and services tax (GST), and moves to address the logjam of mounting bad loans in the banking sector through an Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code. These are expected to help ensure a healthier enabling environment to realize this potential over the longer term. The ratings agency has said the reforms undertaken until now would “advance the government’s objective of improving the business climate, enhancing productivity, stimulating foreign and domestic investment, and ultimately fostering strong and sustainable growth.” And viewed in conjunction with the sizeable foreign exchange reserves, India’s overall capacity to absorb shocks is now seen as much better. The market reaction — with the stock indices and the rupee posting handsome gains intraday — signals that local businesses and overseas investors see the upgrade as a vote of confidence in the economy and the policy approach to economic management and reforms, especially at a time when momentum has slowed to a 13-quarter low.


Still, as Moody’s has flagged in explaining why it has opted to change the ratings outlook to ‘stable’ from ‘positive’, the “high public debt burden remains an important constraint on India’s credit profile relative to peers.” At 68% of its GDP in 2016, general government debt in India is significantly higher than the 44% median for other similarly ranked economies, according to the New York-based agency, which sees the debt-to-GDP ratio widening by about 1 percentage point this fiscal year to 69%. Moody’s cites “the large pool of private savings available to finance government debt”, the steps taken to enlarge the formal economy by mainstreaming more and more businesses from the informal sector, and measures aimed at improving spending efficiency through better targeting of welfare measures, as all broadly supportive of a gradual strengthening of the fiscal metrics over time. But it is this very same ‘time’ element that holds the key to how the macro-economic situation could evolve. With economists and monetary authorities warning of the likelihood of fiscal slippages as a consequence of farm loan waivers by States, the Centre’s implementation of the pay commission’s award and even weaker tax receipts amid teething issues with the GST, there is a danger that the government may end up missing its fiscal deficit targets in the near term. And therein lies the challenge. For the economy to capitalize on this upgrade, the political leadership must stay the reform course, electorally alluring temptations to resort to populism notwithstanding.
1. UPGRADE  <UP /GRAE /D >==  सुधार करना
 [Verb]
Meaningà               To improve the quality or usefulness of something,
 Synà                       Improve ,better ,ameliorate ,reform ,enhance
Exampleà              Upgraded computers"
Antonymsà           Downgrade, demote       

 2. UNDERLINES  < UNDER /LINES >==आधारभूत
 [Verb]- 3rd person present: underline
Meaningà              Draw a line under (a word or phrase) to give emphasis or indicate special type.
Synà                        Emphasis, , pick out ,stress ,accentuate ,highlight
Antonymà             Ignore ,undermine ,underrate , weaken
Exampleà                  The accident underlines our need for better safety procedures.
 

3. NOTCH  < NO /CH >== निशान
 [Verb]
Meaningà             Achieve or score (something).

 Synà                       Gain ,earn ,secure ,attain, score
Antonymsà           ,Closing ,closure

Exampleà             "He notched up fifteen years' service with the company"


4. ENORMOUS  < E /NOR /MS >== विशाल
 [Adjective]
Meaningà         Very large in size, quantity, or extent
 Synà                       Vast ,huge, extensive ,wide ,broad      
Exampleà              "Enormous sums of money"
Antonymsà              Tiny ,small ,little ,diminutive 
 
5. LOGJAM< LOG /JAM>== गतिरोध
 [Noun]
 Meaning à           A backlog.
 Synà                       accumulation, pile-up, pile, heap, mountain, excess
 Antonymsà          Develop ,enlarge ,expand
Exampleà                              keeping a diary may ease the logjam of work’

                 
6. INSOLVENCY  < IN /SOL/VEN /SEE>== दिवालियापन
[Noun]
 Meaning à                        the state of being insolvent.=( unable to pay debts owed..) Synà                                                         Bankruptcy ,failure ,liquidation ,collapse ,ruin
Exampleà              Prolonged drought lead to huge loss and Insolvency of the bank
Antonymsà           

7. STIMULATING  < STEE /MU /LATE/IN >== उत्तेजक
[Adjective ]
 Meaningà                         encouraging or arousing interest or enthusiasm
Exampleà            a rich and stimulating working environment"
Synà                                   Exciting , ,challenging , hectic ,,inspiring ,interesting
 Antonymà                        Discouraging , boring ,depressing
 
8. FOSTERING  < FOS /TR/ ING >== को बढ़ावा देने

[Verb]=present participle=fostering
Meaning à             encourage the development of (something, especially something desirable).
Synà                                    Encouraging ,promote ,stimulate ,cultivate ,nurture
Antonymsà           Neglect ,suppress
Exampleà                   "the teacher's task is to foster learning

9. ALLURING < AL/U/RING >== मनोहर  / मन मोहक
[Adjective]
Meaning                   powerfully and mysteriously attractive or fascinating; seductive.
Synà                                    Lure ,entice ,tempt,  appeal to ,charm
Exampleà              "the town offers alluring shops and restaurants"
Antonymà                     Revolting ,Repelling

10. POPULISM  < PO /PU /LEE/SM >== लोकप्रियता
[Noun]
Meaningà               support for the concerns of ordinary people. Or the quality of appealing to or being aimed at ordinary people.
Exampleà              "art museums did not gain bigger audiences through a new populism"
Synà                                 cause  ,  ,creed ,humanism, crusade , dogma

Antonymà             elitist(adj.) 

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

14 Nov 2017-The Hindu Editorial -Vocabulary

India must balance diverse alliances as it strengthens its East Asia pivot Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s visit to the Philippines to attend the ASEAN-India summit, the East Asia Summit and the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership summit has put India centre-stage in the Asian region now referred to as “Indo-Pacific”. Equally, it puts the “Indo-Pacific” and ties with the U.S. centre-stage in India’s Act East policy, in all three spheres: political, strategic and economic. Mr. Modi’s arrival in Manila was preceded by the first meeting of the India-U.S.-Japan-Australia quadrilateral , a grouping first mooted in 2006 by Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe. It ended with statements on cooperation for a “free, open, prosperous and inclusive Indo-Pacific region”, a direct signal that it will counter China’s actions in the South China Sea if necessary. Next, Mr. Modi’s meeting with U.S. President Donald Trump saw a similar emphasis on cooperating in the Indo-Pacific, a term now wi...
Post a Comment
Read more

13 Nov 2017-The Hindu Editorial -Vocabulary

 The turmoil will end only with a full, fair probe into the alleged plot to influence judges There is absolutely no doubt that the Chief Justice of India is the master of the roster . So, it is impossible to dispute the legal reasoning behind Chief Justice Dipak Misra’s ruling that no one but he can decide the composition of Benches and allocation of judicial work in the Supreme Court. However, the circumstances in which he had to assert this authority have the potential to greatly diminish the court’s lustre. The scenes witnessed in the court amidst troubling allegations of possible judicial corruption are worrisome for their capacity to undermine the high esteem that the judiciary enjoys. Chief Justice Misra chose to stick to the letter of the law, but there remain troublesome questions about potential conflict of interest in his decision to overrule Justice J. Chelameswar’s extremely unusual order that delineated the composition of a Constitution Bench to hear a writ petiti...
Post a Comment
Read more

THE HINDU Editorial -Vocabulary- NOVEMBER 8 , 2017

Corporate earnings show a mild recovery, but valuations remain a major concern India Inc.’s earnings performance for the second quarter of the financial year has turned out to be largely in line with street expectations . Both revenue and profits , when compared to the results reported for the first quarter ending June , have shown signs of improvement that suggest a slow but steady pick-up in demand in the wider economy. This is comforting news for many who feared that the twin shocks of demonetization and the hasty implementation of the GST would have significant medium to long-term effects on the economy. The quick rebound in the earnings of corporate India, however, should not come as too much of a surprise. Both demonetization and the introduction of the GST, while definitely disruptive, are transitory in terms of their economic impact. It is also worth noting that most analysts had revised their earnings estimates downwards in the wake of the rapid policy changes. Su...
Post a Comment
Read more