Rich
countries must pay more for plans to limit and deal with climate change
As the 23rd conference of the UN Framework
Convention on Climate Change in Bonn shifts into high gear,
developing countries including India are focusing on the imperatives of ensuring adequate financing for mitigation and
adaptation. They are moving ahead with specific instruments for loss and damage
they suffer due to destructive climate-linked events. India’s progress in
reducing the intensity of its greenhouse gas emissions
per unit of GDP by 20-25% from 2005 levels by 2020, based on the commitment
made in Copenhagen in 2009, has been positive. Early studies also suggest that
it is on track to achieve the national pledge under the 2015 Paris Agreement
for a 33-35% cut in emissions intensity per unit of growth from the same base
year by 2030, and thus heed the 2°C warming goal. Since this
performance is predicated on a growth rate of just over 7%, and
the parallel target for 40% share of renewable energy by that year, the
national road map is clear. What is not, however, is the impact of extreme
weather events such as droughts and floods that would have a bearing on
economic growth. It is in this context that the rich countries must give up
their rigid
approach towards the demands of low and middle income countries, and come to an
early resolution on the question of financing of mitigation, adaptation and
compensation. Of course, India could further raise its ambition in the use of
green technologies and emissions cuts, which would give it the mantle of global climate
leadership.
The climate question presents a leapfrog
era for India’s development paradigm. Already, the country has chalked out
an ambitious policy on renewable energy, hoping to generate 175 giga watts of
power from green sources by 2022. This has to be resolutely pursued, breaking
down the barriers to wider adoption of rooftop solar energy at every level and
implementing net metering systems for all categories of consumers. At the Bonn
conference, a new Transport Decarbonisation Alliance has been declared. It is aimed
at achieving a shift to sustainable fuels, getting cities to commit to
eco-friendly mobility and delivering more walk able communities, all of which
will improve the quality of urban life. This presents a good template for
India, building on its existing plans to introduce electric mobility through
buses first, and cars by 2030. Such measures will have a beneficial effect not
just on transport choices, but on public health through pollution abatement. A national law to raise the efficiency of transport could well
be the answer, which the States will readily adopt if supportive financial
arrangements are built in. There is some worry that an increase in coal, oil
and gas production could negate some of the gains made. The record in this
sphere will naturally be evaluated against India’s Paris Agreement pledge to use a combination of incentives for
clean production and levies on fuel to maintain a balance.
1. IMPERATIVES < EM /PAE /RAE/TIVS >
[Noun]= plural noun: imperatives
Meaningà an essential or urgent thing.
Synà all-important, vital, crucial, critical, essential, of
the essence,
Exampleà "free movement of labour/labor
was an economic imperative"
2. EMISSIONS < EM/I/SHNS>
[Noun]
Meaningà the production and
discharge of something, especially gas or radiation.
Synà Discharge, release, outflow ,leak ,excretion
Exampleà "the effects of lead emission on
health"
3. INTENSITY < IN/TEN/SI/TEE>
[Noun]
Meaningà the measurable amount
of a property, such as force, brightness, or a magnetic field.
Synà Strength ,power ,potency
,vigour ,force
Antonymsà Powerlessness
Exampleà " "the pain grew in intensity"
.
4. HEED <HEE/D >
[Verb]
Meaningà pay attention to; take notice of.
Synà Pay attention ,take notice of , adhere to, abide by, listen to,
Exampleà "he should have heeded the warnings"
5. PREDICATED <PRE /DIC /TED
>
[Verb]
Meaning à Assert (something)
about the subject of a sentence or an argument of a proposition
Synà Affirm, Declare ,Imply ,Mean ,Signify
Exampleà “a word which predicates
something about its subject"
6. MANTLE <MAN /TL >
[Noun]
Meaning à an important role or
responsibility that passes from one person to another.
Synà Role ,duty ,Onus ,Burden
,Responsibility
Exampleà the mantle of leadership"
7. LEAPFROG <LEEP /FRO
[ verb]
Meaningà to move ahead of or beyond
(someone or something) in a very quick and sudden way
Synà
Advance, come along ,shape up ,get on ,come on
8. PARADIGM
<
PARA/DEE/GM>
[Noun]
Meaning à a typical example or pattern of something; a pattern or model.
Synà Ideal, criterion, model, sample ,exemplar
Exampleà this event was A paradigm shift in
space exploration
9.
DECARBONIZATION < DEE/CAR/BO/NI/ZAE/SHN>
[Verb]
Meaning To remove carbon from;
Exampleà This is a important step towards decarbonisation
Antonymà Carbonize
10. ABATEMENT < A/BAE/t/MENT>
[Noun]
Meaningà ending or
subsiding.
Example à"this trend shows no
sign of abatement"
SynàSubsiding ,dying ,easing (off) ,decrease
,dropping off/away
11. LEVIES <
LE/VIS >
[Verb]= 3rd person
present : levies
Meaningà impose (a tax, fee, or fine).
Exampleà "a
tax of two per cent was levied on all cargoes"
Synà Collect ,raise ,demand ,exact
,impose ,charge
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